Today's Google doodle features an English mathematician and writer called Ada Lovelace. She is primarily recognized for her work on Charles Babbage's early mechanical general-purpose computer, the analytical engine as well as a set of her own notes which she added in (as a supplement) during her translation of an article by Italian mathematician Luigi Menabrea (which is also on the said analytical engine).
The reason behind this recognition of the notes is because it contains what can be considered as the first computer program (an algorithm encoded for processing by a machine). Additionally, she and her notes played an important part in the early history of computers as she foresaw the capability of computers going beyond merely performing calculations.
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